How to update your 1&1 dedicated server using CentOS, using yum command to update and patch CentOS Linux. Use yum command to install critical and non-critical security updates as well as binary packages. Log in as the root user to install and update the system.
But first, you might want to get the latest Yum Repository – I found this great article at Utter Ramblings that takes you through the steps to get the latest Yum Repository.
Here is a short synopsis of the steps to get your repository up to date with latest packages. All the binaries at Utter Ramblings are GPG signed. That means that you can be sure that these packages are coming from Utter Ramblings, even if you should happen to find them on some other site (if you find a file with “JSON” in the name and it isn’t signed, DON’T install it).
In order to validate that the packages came from Utter Ramblings, you’ll want to install Utter Ramblings public GPG key on your system. You can take care of that with a single command:
rpm --import http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-jlitka
The preferred method of adding Utter Ramblings repository to your RHEL or CentOS system is with the Yum package manager. CentOS 4, CentOS 5, and RHEL 5 install yum automatically. If you are using RHEL 4 then you can install yum or add the following to your ‘/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources’ file and install the sqlite package (i386 – x86_64) to use Utter Ramblings repository with ‘up2date’.
# Enable Jason's Utter Ramblings Repo yum utterramblings http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/EL4/$ARCH
For those of you using yum, type:
nano -w /etc/yum.repos.d/utterramblings.repo
… and then paste the following into the editor:
[utterramblings] name=Jason's Utter Ramblings Repo baseurl=http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/EL$releasever/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://www.jasonlitka.com/media/RPM-GPG-KEY-jlitka
NOTE: If the above URL returns a 404 then try hard-coding $releasever to your EL version (‘EL4’ or ‘EL5’) and the $basearch to whatever is appropriate (‘i386’ or ‘x86_64).
Once you’ve taken care of the above, you’ll be able to easily upgrade with a simple ‘up2date -u’ or ‘yum update’.
There is one caveat to the above statement… If your 64-bit system includes both 32-bit and 64-bit packages by the same name (such as “mysql.i386” and “mysql.x86_64” ) then you will experience a problem unless you remove the 32-bit packages from your system.
Utter Ramblings suggest that you would not simply download a single file to your server and install it. The packages that are in these folders are, in many cases, dependent on each other and will not work on a stock system.
Here is a set of Yum commands that are useful.
Task: Display list of updated software (security fix)
Type the following command at shell prompt:
# yum list updates
Task: Patch up system by applying all updates
To download and install all updates type the following command:
# yum update
Task: List all installed packages
List all installed packages, enter:
# rpm -qa
# yum list installed
Find out if httpd package installed or not, enter:
# rpm -qa | grep httpd*
# yum list installed httpd
Task: Check for and update specified packages
# yum update {package-name-1}
To check for and update httpd package, enter:
# yum update httpd
Task: Search for packages by name
Search httpd and all matching perl packages, enter:
# yum list {package-name}
# yum list {regex}
# yum list httpd
# yum list perl*
Sample output:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
php.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-cli.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-common.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-gd.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-imap.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-mbstring.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-mysql.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-pdo.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
php-xml.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 installed
Available Packages
php-apc.x86_64 3.0.19-1.jason.1 utterramblings
php-bcmath.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-dba.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-dbase.x86_64 5.1.6-15.el5.centos.1 extras
php-devel.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-eaccelerator.x86_64 1:0.9.5.3-jason.1 utterramblings
php-embedded.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-ldap.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-mcrypt.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-memcache.x86_64 3.0.4-1.jason.1 utterramblings
php-mhash.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-mssql.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-ncurses.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-odbc.x86_64 5.2.11-jason.1 utterramblings
php-pear.noarch 1:1.7.2-2.jason.1 utterramblings
php-pear-Auth-SASL.noarch 1.0.2-4.el5.centos extras
php-pear-DB.noarch 1.7.13-1.el5.centos extras
php-pear-Date.noarch 1.4.7-2.el5.centos extras
php-pear-File.noarch 1.2.2-1.el5.centos extras
php-pear-HTTP-Request.noarch 1.4.2-1.el5.centos extras
php-pear-Log.noarch 1.9.13-1.el5.centos extras
php-pear-MDB2.noarch 2.4.1-2.el5.centos extras
php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysql.noarch 1.4.1-3.el5.centos extras
php-pear-Mail.noarch 1.1.14-1.el5.centos extras
php-pear-Mail-Mime.noarch 1.4.0-1.el5.centos extras
…..
…….
..
Task: Install the specified packages [ RPM(s) ]
Install package called httpd:
# yum install {package-name-1} {package-name-2}
# yum install httpd
Task: Remove / Uninstall the specified packages [ RPM(s) ]
Remove package called httpd, enter:
# yum remove {package-name-1} {package-name-2}
# yum remove httpd
Task: Display the list of available packages
# yum list all
Task: Display list of group software
Type the following command:
# yum grouplist
Output:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Groups:
- DNS Name Server
- Legacy Network Server
- Legacy Software Development
- Legacy Software Support
- Mail Server
- MySQL Database
- PostgreSQL Database
- System Tools
- Text-based Internet
- Web Server
- Yum Utilities
Available Groups:
Administration Tools
Authoring and Publishing
Base
Beagle
Cluster Storage
Clustering
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Dialup Networking Support
Editors
Emacs
Engineering and Scientific
FTP Server
FreeNX and NX
GNOME Desktop Environment
GNOME Software Development
Games and Entertainment
Graphical Internet
Graphics
Horde
Java
Java Development
KDE (K Desktop Environment)
KDE Software Development
KVM
Mono
Network Servers
News Server
Office/Productivity
OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution
Printing Support
Ruby
Server Configuration Tools
Sound and Video
Tomboy
Virtualization
Windows File Server
X Software Development
X Window System
XFCE-4.4
Done
Task: Install all the default packages by group
Install all ‘Development Tools’ group packages, enter:
# yum groupinstall “Development Tools”
Task: Update all the default packages by group
Update all ‘Development Tools’ group packages, enter:
# yum groupupdate “Development Tools”
Task: Remove all packages in a group
Remove all ‘Development Tools’ group packages, enter:
# yum groupremove “Development Tools”
Task: Install particular architecture package
If you are using 64 bit RHEL version it is possible to install 32 packages:
# yum install {package-name}.{architecture}
# yum install mysql.i386
Task: Display packages not installed via official RHN subscribed repos
Show all packages not available via subscribed channels or repositories i.e show packages installed via other repos:
# yum list extras
Sample output:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Extra Packages
SSHTerm.noarch 0.2.2-9.278624 installed
audit-libs.x86_64 1.7.7-6.el5_3.3 installed
audit-libs-python.x86_64 1.7.7-6.el5_3.3 installed
authconfig.x86_64 5.3.21-5.el5 installed
awstats.noarch 6.6-1.swsoft installed
bind.x86_64 30:9.3.4-10.P1.el5_3.3 installed
bind-libs.x86_64 30:9.3.4-10.P1.el5_3.3 installed
bind-utils.x86_64 30:9.3.4-10.P1.el5_3.3 installed
centos-release.x86_64 10:5-3.el5.centos.1 installed
centos-release-notes.x86_64 5.3-3 installed
coreutils.x86_64 5.97-19.el5 installed
courier-imap.x86_64 3.0.8-cos5.build92091016.19 installed
cpio.x86_64 2.6-20 installed
cpuspeed.x86_64 1:1.2.1-5.el5 installed
cryptsetup-luks.x86_64 1.0.3-4.el5 installed
device-mapper.i386 1.02.28-2.el5 installed
device-mapper.x86_64 1.02.28-2.el5 installed
device-mapper-event.x86_64 1.02.28-2.el5 installed
device-mapper-multipath.x86_64 0.4.7-23.el5_3.4 installed
dhclient.x86_64 12:3.0.5-18.el5 installed
dhcpv6-client.x86_64 1.0.10-16.el5 installed
dmidecode.x86_64 1:2.7-1.28.2.el5 installed
dmraid.x86_64 1.0.0.rc13-33.el5 installed
e2fsprogs.x86_64 1.39-20.el5 installed
e2fsprogs-libs.i386 1.39-20.el5 installed
e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 1.39-20.el5 installed
ethtool.x86_64 6-2.el5 installed
findutils.x86_64 1:4.2.27-5.el5 installed
fipscheck.x86_64 1.0.3-1.el5 installed
grep.x86_64 2.5.1-54.2.el5 installed
grub.x86_64 0.97-13.2 installed
hal.x86_64 0.5.8.1-38.el5 installed
httpd.x86_64 2.2.3-22.el5.centos.2 installed
hwdata.noarch 0.213.11-1.el5 installed
initscripts.x86_64 8.45.25-1.el5.centos installed
iproute.x86_64 2.6.18-9.el5 installed
iptables.x86_64 1.3.5-4.el5 installed
iptables-ipv6.x86_64 1.3.5-4.el5 installed
iputils.x86_64 20020927-45.el5 installed
kernel.x86_64 2.6.26.8rootserver20081113a-1 installed
Task: Display what package provides the file
You can easily find out what RPM package provides the file. For example find out what provides the /etc/passwd file:
# yum whatprovides /etc/passwd
Sample output:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
setup-2.5.58-7.el5.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files.
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/passwd
setup-2.5.58-4.el5.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files.
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/passwd
You can use the same command to list packages that satisfy dependencies:
# yum whatprovides {dependency-1} {dependency-2}
Refer yum command man page for more information:
# man yum
Finally, when you update httpd, php, mysql do not forget to restart the service.
# service httpd restart
# service mysqld restart
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